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Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 699-714 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3

摘要： Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MW CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GW , including 227 units of 135 MW , 95 units of 300 MW , and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MW CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MW was 0.26 times per year and 300 MW was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MW CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.

关键词： CFB boiler     installed capacity     reliability     economics     ultra-low emission     China    

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Characteristics Analysis of Integrated CAES and CFPP Trigeneration System Considering Working Conditions and Application Scenarios

Jiajia Li,Peigang Yan,Guowen Zhou,Xingshuo Li,Qiang Li,Jinfu Liu,Daren Yu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.015

摘要： To meet the goal of worldwide decarbonization, the transformation process toward clean and green energy structures has accelerated. In this context, coal-fired power plant (CFPPs) and large-scale energy storage represented by compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology, are tasked with increasing renewable resource accommodation and maintaining the power system security. To achieve this, this paper proposes the concept of a CFPP–CAES combined cycle and a trigenerative system based on that. Considering the working conditions of the CFPP, thermal characteristics of three typical operation modes were studied and some general regularities were identified. The results of various potential integration schemes discussion indicated that extracting water from low-temperature points in the feedwater system to cool pressurized air and simultaneously increase the backwater temperature is beneficial for improving performance. In addition, preheating the pressurized air before the air expanders via low-grade water in the feedwater system as much as possible and reducing extracted steam contribute to increasing the efficiency. With the optimal integration scheme, 2.85 tonnes of coal can be saved per cycle and the round-trip efficiency can be increased by 2.24%. Through the cogeneration of heat and power, the system efficiency can reach 77.5%. In addition, the contribution degree of the three compression heat utilization methods to the performance improvement ranked from high to low, is preheating the feedwater before the boiler, supplying heat, and flowing into the CFPP feedwater system. In the cooling energy generation mode, the system efficiency can be increased to over 69%. Regardless of the operation mode, the benefit produced by integration is further enhanced when the CFPP operates at higher operating conditions because the coupling points parameters are changed. In addition, the dynamic payback period can be shortened by 11.33 years and the internal rate of return increases by 5.20% under a typical application scenario. Regarding the effect of different application scenarios in terms of economics, investing in the proposed system is more appropriate in regions with multiple energy demands, especially heating demand. These results demonstrate the technical advantages of the proposed system and provide guiding principles for its design, operation, and project investment.

关键词： Compressed air energy storage     CFPP–CAES combined cycle     Thermodynamic performance     Technical economics    

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Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 540-545 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0264-2

摘要： Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

关键词： consumption energy use    

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节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第6期   页码 11-18

摘要：

从我国面临科学发展和转变经济发展方式迫切需求出发，分析节能降耗的总体经济效益，以探讨实施积极的节能降耗目标的经济合理性。笔者对“十一五”期间节能降耗工作的总体经济效益进行了评估，用数据和事实肯定了“十一五”节能降耗的巨大经济效益；并分析了提高能效对我国“十二五”转变经济发展方式，支持长期可持续经济发展的宏观经济效果及其必要性和合理性。

关键词： 能源战略     节能降耗     节能经济效益     科学发展     经济学    

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Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1325-y

摘要： Abstract • Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.

关键词： Recycling economics     Cost-benefit     Food waste treatment     Subsidy     Food waste economy     Circular economy    

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Effects of design parameters on rooftop photovoltaic economics in the urban environment: a case study

Hongying ZHAO, Rebecca YANG, Chaohong WANG, W. M. Pabasara U. WIJERATNE, Chengyang LIU, Xiaolong XUE, Nishara ABDEEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 351-367 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0023-6

摘要： Many researchers found high potential of adopting building photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban areas, especially on building rooftop, to improve the sustainability of urban environment. However, the optimal energy output performance and economic benefit of the PV system are affected by the usable roof area, PV array layout, and shading effect considering high city density. This study aims to understand the effects of these design parameters in the urban environment of rooftop PV’s economic performance. This study carries out a case study in the urban area of Melbourne with 90 PV designs under three shading conditions to generate 270 scenarios. Through a lifecycle cost-benefit analysis, including net present value (NPV), NPV per kW, internal return rate (IRR), and payback year, the results can help in developing a comprehensive understanding of the economic performance of rooftop PV designs that cover most of the urban areas of Melbourne. The optimal PV design scenarios for the urban environment are identified, thereby providing investors and industry professionals with useful information on value-for-money PV design. Meanwhile, the maximum shading loss that makes the PV systems financially unfeasible is investigated, and design scenarios with greatest ability to sustain the shading effect are identified. This research can also support the policy makers’ decision on the development and deployment of the roof PV systems in urban planning.

关键词： building photovoltaics     tilt and azimuth     orientation     shading analysis     economic analysis    

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Pathway to energy technical innovation and commercialization based on Internet plus DES

Huiping LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 65-78 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0391-5

摘要： The distributed energy system (DES) is a type of energy cascade utilization on the client side or close to the client, and it has become an important option of global energy transformation. In China, based on the experience of demonstration projects, the DES is now being commercialized. Under the new opportunity of energy production and consumption promoted by the national “Internet Plus” action plan, the development of the DES was reviewed in this paper; four categories of market demand and five key issues for DES deployment were analyzed; five types of potential DES users and five key points of technical path implementation proposed based on many years of engineering practices and hundreds of project case studies were proposed. 4E elements should be used to evaluate and choose the project and lead the innovation model of DES by energy production and consumption revolution with the sustainable development of the Internet plus DES. The future innovation models include intelligent energy modularity and menu-type services with the demands of the client side, and the kind of new thinking for DES services that “you are in charge of your own energy production and consumption, while we are also at service when needed for installation and maintenance.” The aim of innovation mode is to give the energy sovereign back to the people, and form a perfect Internet plus DES ecosystem.

关键词： “Internet Plus”     distributed energy system (DES)     business model     technical innovation     commercialization     DES industry ecosystem     energy revolution    

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Family planning technical services in China

Shang-Chun WU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 285-289 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0097-3

摘要： Family planning is a basic state policy in China. Its aim is to control population growth and to enhance population quality. Technical services are the key measures for implementing the family planning policy. In order to ensure that people use safe, effective, and appropriate contraceptive methods based on the government’s commitment, China has established countrywide family planning service networks down to the township level. The people can access various and convenient contraceptive services. In urban areas, all contraceptive services are free. The contraceptive prevalence rate in 2007 was 84.6%, the percentage of intrauterine device (IUD) was 52.3%, that of female sterilization was 32.3%, and that of vasectomy was 6.1%. This means that more than 90% of married childbearing couples were using long-term contraceptives. At the same time, the government gives priority to supporting research on contraceptive technology. Studies’ results have provided scientific evidence for development, introduction, and expansion of contraceptive methods, and also for establishment and revision of the technical guidelines. Great efforts have been made in promoting “human-oriented and client-centered” services during the recent ten years. Remarkable success has been achieved in improving the quality of technical services.

关键词： family planning     contraceptive method     service delivery    

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Creating technical heritage object replicas in a virtual environment

Olga EGOROVA,Dmitry SHCHERBININ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 108-115 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0363-4

摘要：

The paper presents innovative informatics methods for creating virtual technical heritage replicas, which are of significant scientific and practical importance not only to researchers but to the public in general. By performing 3D modeling and animation of aircrafts, spaceships, architectural-engineering buildings, and other technical objects, the process of learning is achieved while promoting the preservation of the replicas for future generations. Modern approaches based on the wide usage of computer technologies attract a greater number of young people to explore the history of science and technology and renew their interest in the field of mechanical engineering.

关键词： 3D document     history of science and technology     technical knowledge     popularization     virtual environment     replica     mechanism and machine science (MMS)    

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什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据？经济因素？恢复力？或二者皆是？

David Singleton AM

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 180-181 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.04.001

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Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 672-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0245-x

摘要： Under the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic (PV)-driven electrolytic hydrogen (PVEH) production is emerging as a promising approach to reduce carbon emission. Considering the intermittence and variability of PV power generation, the deployment of battery energy storage can smoothen the power output. However, the investment cost of battery energy storage is pertinent to non-negligible expenses. Thus, the installation of energy-storage equipment in a PVEH system is a complex trade-off problem. The primary goals of this study are to compare the engineering economics of PVEH systems with and without energy storage, and to explore time nodes when the cost of the former scenario can compete with the latter by factoring the technology learning curve. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is a widely used economic indicator. Represented by seven areas in seven regions of China, results show that the LCOH with and without energy storage is approximately 22.23 and 20.59 yuan/kg in 2020, respectively. In addition, as technology costs drop, the LCOH of a PVEH system with energy storage will be less than that without energy storage in 2030.

关键词： hydrogen     off-grid photovoltaic     energy storage     LCOH     engineering economics    

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On Social-technical Control of Safety Development in Economic Transition Background

Xue-qiu He,Song Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 234-240 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015025

摘要： Industrial safety and economic growth, two vital and inextricable forces affecting national culture and development, are worthy of much more interest and attention than this article can hope to generate. Following economic growth, industrial safety remains as a high priority in this nation’s quest for sustainable development. At present, while China is on its way to transforming its economic structure and growth models, talk of industrial safety appears with special regularity, for it also is undergoing profound changes as an important facet of modern China.

关键词： safety development     economic growth     economic transition     social-technical control    

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Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要：

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词： general anesthesia     economics     cost    

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Viability of a concentrated solar power system in a low sun belt prefecture

Rahul BHATTACHARJEE, Subhadeep BHATTACHARJEE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 850-866 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0664-5

摘要： Concentrating solar power (CSP) is considered as a comparatively economical, more efficient, and large capacity type of renewable energy technology. However, CSP generation is found restricted only to high solar radiation belt and installed where high direct normal irradiance is available. This paper examines the viability of the adoption of the CSP system in a low sun belt region with a lower direct normal irradiance (DNI). Various critical analyses and plant economics have been evaluated with a lesser DNI state. The obtained results out of the designed system, subjected to low DNI are not found below par, but comparable to some extent with the performance results of such CSP plants at a higher DNI. The analysis indicates that incorporation of the thermal energy storage reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and augments the plant capacity factor. The capacity factor, the plant efficiency, and the LCOE are found to be 32.50%, 17.56%, and 0.1952 $/kWh, respectively.

关键词： concentrated solar power     direct normal irradiance     plant performance     plant economics     thermal energy storage    

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IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES AMONG FARMERS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 31-47 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023482

摘要：

● Farmer adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides was found to be positively correlated.

关键词： biopesticides     green production     organic fertilizer     technical environment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

期刊论文

Characteristics Analysis of Integrated CAES and CFPP Trigeneration System Considering Working Conditions and Application Scenarios

Jiajia Li,Peigang Yan,Guowen Zhou,Xingshuo Li,Qiang Li,Jinfu Liu,Daren Yu,

期刊论文

Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

期刊论文

节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

期刊论文

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

期刊论文

Effects of design parameters on rooftop photovoltaic economics in the urban environment: a case study

Hongying ZHAO, Rebecca YANG, Chaohong WANG, W. M. Pabasara U. WIJERATNE, Chengyang LIU, Xiaolong XUE, Nishara ABDEEN

期刊论文

Pathway to energy technical innovation and commercialization based on Internet plus DES

Huiping LIU

期刊论文

Family planning technical services in China

Shang-Chun WU

期刊论文

Creating technical heritage object replicas in a virtual environment

Olga EGOROVA,Dmitry SHCHERBININ

期刊论文

什么才是做出最佳基础设施投资的依据？经济因素？恢复力？或二者皆是？

David Singleton AM

期刊论文

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

期刊论文

On Social-technical Control of Safety Development in Economic Transition Background

Xue-qiu He,Song Li

期刊论文

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

期刊论文

Viability of a concentrated solar power system in a low sun belt prefecture

Rahul BHATTACHARJEE, Subhadeep BHATTACHARJEE

期刊论文

IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES AMONG FARMERS

期刊论文